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Caregiver's Handbook 17

37. Memory Problems

Memory loss can be one of the hardest problems for both the care-receiver and the caregiver. Some memory problems are treatable, some are not. Therefore, it is important for the doctor to determine the causes of memory loss in the individual. Forgetfulness, even inability to recognize familiar faces and places, might result from such treatable causes such as malnutrition related to improper eating habits, alcohol, side effects of medications, loneliness, isolation, few chances to socialize with others, sensory impairment (decreased vision, decreased hearing), surgery or accident resulting in injury to body, viral infections or other illness, or depression or other mental illness.

38. Sensory Problems

People who have losses in hearing and vision may have trouble understanding things consequently negatively affecting their emotional well-being. Basic aids to hear and see are vital. At times an older person may be cut off from the world because of wax in the ears or worn out hearing-aid batteries. Glasses may need to be adjusted or perhaps just cleaned. Good lighting, without glare, is important. Magnifying glasses or large print can make reading easier.

39. Confusion

For people who are confused, the following tips can be useful:

__ Make changes in routines gradually,

__ Be clear about reminders for appointments or meetings,

__ Write simple directions in large, clear print,

__ Use large labels (words or pictures) on drawers and shelves to identify contents,

__ have clocks and calendars clearly visible and mark off passing days,

__ Make certain that medicine is being taken regularly,

__ Confused or forgetful patients must have assistance with their medications,

__ Encourage consumption of nutritious foods,

__ Encourage movement and/or exercise as this will increase circulation of the blood and help improve bodily functions, including the ability to think.

40. Behavioral Problems

For people who are acting out, being disruptive, or have other undesirable behaviors, it is best to not antagonize or confront but to temporarily remove your presence from the person, giving the message that "I love/care for you but not this behavior." Below are some suggestions to minimize undesirable behaviors:

1. Avoid confrontation. If the behavior deals with disrobing, offer brightly clothes which make the person feel good.

2. Don't argue. If the person becomes too agitated, change the subject/object to something completely different.

3. Reduce stimulation. Lower lighting, reduce noise (radio, TV) to soothing music, minimize items in the area to a few possessions known to the person, and avoid clutter.

4. Promote familiar objects, pictures.

5. Walk slowly with the person to reduce anxiety and stress the muscle tension.

41. Mental Stimulation

Because many older people enjoy recalling events from past years, families and friends should encourage the sharing of stories. Activities which stimulate the brain (visiting with others) can contribute to the goal of continued lifetime learning.

Often, older people can become happier, more productive individuals when they are encouraged to perform fun, brain-stimulating activities. The following activities are especially good for homebound elderly:

__ sew or knit,

__ be a friendly telephone caller,

__ be a foster grandparent,

__ be a pen pal,

__ be a reader to children at an elementary school,

__ save stamps for collectors,

__ write favorite recipes on cards and share them with others,

__ read books, magazines, newspapers,

__ do puzzles (jigsaw, crossword),

__ try artwork (calligraphy, painting, drawing),

__ write or record memoirs, poetry, thoughts,

__ keep a joke book,

__ care for pets or plants,

__ listen to soothing music,

__ take correspondence courses,

__ play musical instruments,

__ start or re-arrange a family photo album,

__ volunteer, at libraries, hospitals, museums, schools, Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP),

__ bake for self and others,

__ plan a potluck or brown-bag lunch at home,

__ tutor or visit with children and youth,

__ type for self and others,

__ participate in radio call-in shows,

__ learn to use a computer.

In addition, older people who are physically able should be encouraged to participate in swimming, bowling, gardening, dancing, miniature golf, nature walks, mall-walking, jogging, shuffleboard and other activities outside the home.

Drawing, writing, reading, crafts, taking classes, and other hobbies encourage creativity. Indoor games including chass, checkers, monopoly, cards, billiards and Parcheesi provide interesting relief from boredom as well.

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